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Census Concepts | |||||
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| Building | A `building' is generally a single structure on the ground. Sometimes it is made up of more than one component unit which are used or likely to be used as dwellings (residences) or establishments such as shops, business houses, offices, factories, workshops, worksheds, schools, places of entertainment, places of worship, godowns, stores, etc. It is also possible that buildings which have component units may be used for a combination of purposes such as shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum-residence, e.t.c | ||||
| Permanent houses |
Houses in which both wall and roof are made of permanent materials. Material of wall can be burnt bricks, GI / metal / Asbestos sheets, stone with lime or cement or cement concrete.Roof may be made of tiles, slate, shingle, corrugated/galvanized iron or zinc/other metal or asbestos sheets, bricks, lime and stone, stone, RBC/RCC or concrete. | ||||
| Semi-permanent houses | Houses in which either wall or roof is made of permanent materials and the other is made of temporary material. | ||||
| Temporary houses |
Houses in which both wall and roof are made of materials which have to be replaced frequently. Wall may be made of grass, thatch, leaves, reeds, bamboo, mud, plastic / polythene, un-burnt bricks or wood. Roof may be made from grass, leaves, bamboo, thatch, mud, un-burnt bricks or wood. | ||||
| Serviceable Temporary |
Wall is made of Mud, Unburnt-brick or Wood. | ||||
| Non-serviceable Temporary |
Wall is made of Grass. Thatch, Bamboo etc. Plastic or Polythene. | ||||
| Room |
A room should have four walls with a doorway with a roof over head and should be wide and long enough for a person to sleep in, i.e., it should have a length of not less than 2 metres and a breadth of at least 11/2 metres and 2 metres in height. A room, however, which is used in common for sleeping, sitting, dining, storing and cooking, etc., should be regarded as a room. An unenclosed verandah, kitchen, store, garage, cattle-shed and latrine and rooms in whicha household industry such as a handloom is located, which are not normally used for living or sleeping are excluded from the definition of a living room for the purpose of this question One is likely to come across conical shaped hut or tent in which human beings reside. In such improvised accommodation, there will be no four walls to a room and therefore, the above definition would not strictly apply to such types of accommodation. In such cases, the tent or conical hut etc., have been construed to be a room In certain parts of the country, particularly in rural areas, the pattern of housing may present some problems. For example, a household may be in occupation of several huts put to different uses such as main residence, sitting room, store and even for sleeping at night. By strict application of the definition each one will be reckoned as a census house, but this does not reflect the real situation. While huts used as store or cattle shed pose no problems, those used as sleeping rooms beyond the main residence, should be counted as rooms rather than separate census houses. If a garage is used by a servant and he lives in it as a separate household, it should be reckoned as a room available to the servant's household. If the servant is considered as a member of the household then the garage room should be reckoned as an additional room of the household | ||||
| Census house | A Census House is a building or part of a building used or recognised as a separate unit because of having a separate main entrance from the road or common courtyard or, staircase, etc. It may be occupied or vacant. It may be used for a residential or non-residential purpose or both. | ||||
| Household | A `household' is usually a
group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a
common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from
doing so. A household may consist of persons related to each other,
unrelated or both. Examples of unrelated household are boarding houses,
messes, hostels, residential hotels, rescue homes, jails, ashrams,
orphanages, etc. These are called `Institutional Households'. There may be
one member household, two member households or multi member households.
For census purposes each one of these types is regarded as a `Household'.
"If a group of persons who are unrelated to each other live in a census house but do not have their meals from the common kitchen, they would not constitute an institutional household. Each such person should be treated as a separate household. The important link in finding out whether itis a household or not is a common kitchen".In a few situations, it may become difficult to apply the definition of household strictly. For example, a person living alone in a census house, whether cooking or not cooking meals,will have to be treated as a household. Similarly, if husband and wife or a group of related persons are living together in a census house but not cooking their meals, will also constitute a normal household. | ||||
| Town/Urban area | The following areas are
treated as towns/urban area.
(a) All places with a municipality, municipal corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc. (b) All other places which satisfy or are expected to satisfy the following criteria simultaneously i) A minimum population of 5,000 ii)At least 75 per cent of the male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits ;and iii) A density of population of at least 400 per square kilometre (1,000 per square mile). | ||||
| City. | Towns with population of 1,00,000 and above are called cities. | ||||
| Urban Agglomeration | An Urban Agglomeration is a
continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban
outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and
any adjoining urban outgrowths of such towns. In some cases railway
colonies, university campuses, port areas, etc., may come up near a city
or statutory town outside its statutory limits but within the revenue
limits of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city. Each such
individual area by itself may not satisfy the minimum population limit to
qualify it to be treated as an independent urban unitbut may deserve to be
clubbed with the town as a continuous urban spread.
For the purpose of delineation of Urban Agglomerations during Census of India 2001, following criteria are taken as pre-requisites: (a) The core town or at least one of the constituent towns of an urban agglomeration should necessarily be a statutory town ; and (b) The total population of all the constituents (i.e., towns and outgrowths) of an Urban Agglomeration should not be less than 20,000 (as per the 1991 Census). With these two basic criteria having been met, the following are the possible different situations in which Urban Agglomerations would be constituted: i) a city or town with one or more contiguous outgrowths; ii) two or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths; and iii)a city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths all of which form a continuous spread. | ||||
| Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe | Article 341 of the
Constitution provides that the President may, with respect to any State or
Union territory, specify the castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups
within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of the
Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation to that State or
Union territory. Article 342 similarly provides for specification of
tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal
communities which are to be deemed for the purposes of the Constitution to
be Scheduled Tribes in relation to the various States and territories. In
pursuance of these provisions, the list of Scheduled Castes and / or
Scheduled Tribes are notified for each State and Union territory and are
valid only within the jurisdiction of that State or Union territory and
not outside.
It is important to mention here that under the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, no person who professed a religion different from Hinduism was deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste in addition to every member of the Ramdasi, Kabirpanthi, Majhabi or Sikligar caste resident in Punjab or Patiala and East Punjab States Union were in relation to that State whether they professed the Hindu or the Sikh religion. Subsequently, in September 1956, by an amendment, the Presidential Order of 1950 and in all subsequent Presidential Orders relating to Scheduled Castes, the Hindu and the Sikh religions were placed on the same footing with regard to the specification of Scheduled Castes. Later on, as per the amendment made in the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order 1990, the Hindu, the Sikh and the Buddhist were placed on the same footing with regard to the recognition of the Scheduled Castes. | ||||
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Non-Census Concepts | |||||
| System of sewerage. | Generally, a sewerage system would mean a network of mains and branches of underground conduits for the conveyance of sewerage to the point of disposal. Sewers that carry only household and industrial wastage are called separate sewers; those that carry storm water from roofs, streets and other surfaces are known as storm water drains, while those carrying both sewage and storm water are called combined sewers. However, in some towns which are not provided with such underground sewerage system, it is served by open surface drain, box drain, sylk pattern drain, etc., in these towns. | ||||
| Type of Latrine and method of Disposal of Night Soil | There are three prevalent
systems of disposal of human wastes, viz.
(i) underground sewerage, (ii) sanitary water flush latrines with individual disposal systems, like septic tank, leaching cess pool and collecting well, and (iii) dry type of latrines with manual scavenging | ||||
| Water Closet | The system of underground sewerage provides for the street sewerage which are connected to the sanitary latrines constructed in the houses having water closets and fittedwith flushing cistern (or hand flushing). Through this sewer the faecal matter is transported without the need for scavenging. This system generally exists in cities and big towns. | ||||
| Pit Latrine | Where the streets sewer does not exist these sanitary water flush latrines are connected to a local septic tank with a sub-soil dispersion system or a leaching pit. Here the liquid wastes from the water closet is disposed of locally in leaching pit, a septic tank with a soil dispersion system is constructed. This dispersion requires an optimum travel through the pores of the soil ,which renders the harmful liquid bacterially innocuous by the slow process of fitration through the soil traversed. Where the soil is impermeable, collecting wells are constructed and the sanitary water flush latrines are connected with them. These wells are cleaned at periodic intervals by a suitable device | ||||
| Service Latrine | The dry type of latrines are of service type latrines from where human excreta is removed by scavengers from house to house, in most cases carrying it on their heads or shoulders or in baskets with handle or wheel barrows.These are then collected in bullock carts or trucks or tractors and trolleys for being carried to the dumping grounds | ||||
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