Agriculture:-

Climatic condition depending upon rainfall , temperature , humidity and altitude accompanied by various complex land form hydrology soil combination has greatly influenced the farming system of Bankura District. In Bankura District two Agro Climatic Zones, namely Undulating Red & lataritic in Sonamukhi , Joypur, Bishnupur, Ranibandh, Gangajalghati , Borjora, Saltora, Onda, Taldangra, Simlapal, Mejhia, Raipur, Sarenga, Chhatna, Indpur, Khatra, Hirbandh, Bankura-I and Bankura-II blocks and Vindhyan Alluvial Zone in Patrasayer, Indus, Kotulpur blocks, are exist. Climatically Red & Lataritic Zone is within tropical dry sub-humid having rainfall ranging from 1100 to 1400 mm and Temperature maximum 45⁰C and minimum 10⁰ C normally. This region primarily undulating with mounds and valleys and exhibiting different grades of laterisation process in soil formation . Soils are well drained, susceptible to soil erosion due to rapid external drainage or run off, soil reaction ranges from acidic in ridges and near neutral in valleys. Organic carbon Content, phosphate and patas are low. Agriculture in this region is mostly rain depended. Ground water is not easily and economically tappable. Prevalence of moisture stress on standing Kharif Crop in late monsoon period is very common. In Vindhyan Alluvial Zone, Soil in general are deep, texturally medium fine, mostly acidic in soil reaction, moderately well drained, ground water deeply placed, low in bases, organic matter, phosphate and medium in patas. Major part of the region harvests more than one crop utilizing canal irrigation as well as ground water.

Bankura District is located between 22.38 latitude and 86.36 to 87.38 longitude. The tropic of cancer passes almost through the middle of the District.

Net cultivable area of the District is 4.30 lakh ha. and nos. of Cultivator is 4.47 lakhs and per cultivator availability of net shown area comes to 1.02 ha. Due to continuous division and fragmentation of cultivated land Agriculture is becoming less remunerative.

About 46% of the net cropped area is under Irrigation . The gross cropped area is about 6 lakh ha. and cropping intensity is 147%.

Rice, Wheat, Oil seeds and Vegetables are the Principal Crop occupied major of the gross cropped area. Most of the Pre-Kharif and Kharif rice are grown in rainfed condition . H.Y.V. crops occupied about 9% in this district considering 100% in summer rice.

Wheat is second most important cereal crop in the district and crop is cultivated in assured / limited irrigated areas.

Among different Oil seeds, Rape & Mustared, and Sesamum are two important oil seeds grown in this district Sesamum is cultivated in 3 seasons while Rape & Mustard is cultivated during Rabi season.

It is paradoxical that though Bankura lies in sub-humid zone having total Annual Rainfall of 1300 mm to 1400 mm. Agriculture is largely dependent on the vagaries of monsoon. Drought constitutes a major hazard in the district . Intermittent gaps of in precipitation and moisture stress during the monsoon gives rise to serious set back in production during the Kharif, which is the main stay of Agriculture in the district.

The farmers of the district know Agriculture to be one of the riskiest of all enterprises. But life demands food. The farmers under the guidance of the extension personnel as friend and philosopher have established the saying “Where there is a will there is a way”. This firm determination of the farming community guided by extension workers associated the blessings of nature has raised production in the district to contribute to a sizeable quantum for feeding the population other than this district.

Prospect Crop Report :-

a) Rabi Crop Coverage 2001-2002 (Area in ha.)

Sl.No.	Name of the Crop	Target	Achievement
1.	Winter Vegetable	15000	14576 ha.
2.	Wheat	20000	20000 ha.
3.	Mustard	18000	17500 ha.
4.	Linseed	1000	1000 ha.
5.	Potato	30000	32000 ha
6.	Pulse	3500	2600 ha.

b) Programme of Rabi Summer 2001-2002

1.	Summer Rice	30000	7000 ha	Seed bed
2.	Summer Veg	10000	3000 ha	3000 ha.
3.	Summer Til	15000	6000 ha.	In progress

c) Kharif Crop Coverage 2001-2002

1.	Aus	34220	32971	3761 (Paddy)
2.	Aman	344000	341236	2507 (CIR)
3.	Maize	2500	1195	4.5 Mt. (Paddy)
4.	Arahar	2500	1195
5.	Kalai	1900	2100
6.	Kharif Veg	15000	14650

Animal Resources

Sl.No		Nos.
i.	State Animal Health Centre	5
ii.	Block Animal Health Centre	22
iii.	Addl. Block Animal Health Centre	22
iv.	Animal Dev. Aid Centre	144
v.	Farm	5
vi.	Animal Health Diagnostic Centre	2
vii.	Milk Co-op. Society	30
viii.	Milk Chilling Plant	5
ix.	Liquid Nitrogen Plant	1

Treatment

Sl. No.	Classification of Diseases	No. of Cases Treated (1999-2000)	No. of Cases Treated (2000-2001)
1	Contagious diseases	26961	21766
2	Surgical	27493	30278
3	Gynaecological	28297	36836
4	Parasitic	151955	197067
5	Nasal Granuloma	1655	2258
6	Humpsore	2163	842
7	Systemic	113037	133990
8	Rabies	475	437
9	Haematuria	2147	2721
10	Other cases	95285	53368
TOTAL		449468	479563

Vaccination

Sl. No.	Name of the Vaccine	No. of vaccination 1999-2000	No. of vaccination 2000-2001
1	Haemorrhagic Septicaemia	8128	8830
2	Anthrax	10418	4334
3	Black Quarter	5441	6920
4	F.M.D.	26369	16720
5	Rabies	89	217
6	Ranikhet	335641	367062
7	Fowl Pox	921	966
8	Fowl Cholera	210	336
9	Duck Pleague	102423	90096
10	Swine Fever	735	80
11	Goat Pox	--	1239

Land Use / Land Cover :-

The land use pattern differs in a pronounced manner from west to east with varying soil conditions. The eastern alluvial tract is well cultivated and most of the area is double cropped. Uncultivable wastelands are not usually found in this part, except in the slopes and banks of drainage channels, which are not suitable for cultivation due to sheet and gully erosion. Baid type of land occurs at a lower level than the gullied waste lands and covered with sandy loam soil on which paddy is grown. Kanali lands are at still lower level lands in the alluvial tract on which paddy is grown extensively with moderate to good yields. Sol or Bahal type of lands with loamy or clay soils and with ample surface moisture is best for cultivation of paddy and summer vegetables. Lands with laterite or lateritic soils are generally covered by Sal forest except for cultivated patches within them.

Drinking Water Supply Position :-

1	Total No. of Tube Well Constructed (Sport sources)	18572 nos.
2	Total No. of Tube Well (Spot sources) in working condition	15278 nos.
3	Total No. of Tube Well (spot sources) declared derelict	1852 nos.
4	Total No. of Tube Well repairable	1442 nos. (1135 + 307) (for spare parts +due to decrease of W.L.)
5	(a) No. of Block coverage by pipe W/S Scheme	20 Nos.
5	(b) No. of Block uncovered by pipe W/S Scheme	2 nos. (Hirbandh, Bankura-II)
6	Population coverage as per 1991 census	(191012 for Maintenance Scheme) (156072 for on going scheme)
7	No. of Street stand post provided	1460 nos. (764 of going scheme)
8	Total no. of Rural piped w/s scheme in execution	5 nos. (Barjora w/s scheme, G.Ghati w/s scheme, Joypur w/s scheme & Mukutmanipur w/s scheme)
9	No. of Rural W/S scheme in execution	6 nos.
10	No. of Tube Well constructed in Primary Schools	a) Total sanctioned 160 nos. in 160 nos. schools. Year - 2000-01 Target - 110 nos. Achievement - 30 nos. Year 2001-02 Taget - 50 nos. Achievement - 128 nos. Taget - 160 nos. Achievement - 158 nos. (b) Total No. completed as on 31/10/2001- 110 nos.
11	Total Coverage	a) With spot sources : 85% (b) with pipe w/s system (completed) : 6.81% (c) with pipe w/s system (on going) : 5.15%
12	Total No. of Urban w/s scheme operation	3 nos.

a) Bankura Municipal w/s Scheme

i.	Total population as per 1991 Census	114876 persons.
ii.	Population coverage	68926 persons.
iii.	No. of House connection	8000 nos.
iv.	No. of street stand post	2500 nos.
v.	Total no. of ward in Municipality	23 nos.
vi.	% covered by water supply	55% of command area.

b) Bishnupur Municipal w/s Scheme

i.	Total population as per 1991 Census	56128 persons.
ii.	Population coverage	14032 persons.
iii.	No. of House connection	2830 nos.
iv.	No. of street stand post	740 nos.
v.	Total no. of ward in Municipality	19 nos.
vi.	% covered by water supply	28 % of command area.

c) Sonamukhi Municipal w/s Scheme

i.	Total population as per 1991 Census	24640 persons.
ii.	Population coverage	14045 persons.
iii.	No. of House connection	720 nos.
iv.	No. of street stand post	250 nos.
v.	Total no. of ward in Municipality	15 nos.
vi.	% covered by water supply	73 % of command area.

Climate :

The seasons in Bankura are generally distributed as ‘hot summer’ (April-May), ‘monsoon’ (June-September) and ‘Cold season’ (November-February). The humidity is usually medium to high throughout the year and the rainfall, though not heavy, is usually well distributed. The average annual rainfall to the district is around 1300 mm. The rainy months are generally July and August.